servings of concentrated fluid containing various purported ergogens. Low calorie ED are also marketed to increase mental alertness, energy metabolism, and performance. ED, on the other hand, typically contain higher amounts of carbohydrate along with nutrients purported to improve perceptions of attention and/or mental alertness. They typically provide a small amount of carbohydrate (e.g., 6-8 grams/100 ml) and electrolytes (sodium, potassium, calcium, magnesium). Sports drinks are a unique category within the beverage industry and are marketed to consumers with the primary function of promoting hydration, replacing electrolytes and sustaining endurance performance capacity. It is important to make a distinction between ED, ES, and sports drinks. ![]() More recently, energy shots (ES) have also been purported to possess ergogenic value on mental focus and/or performance. ED are also reported to be the most popular supplement among British athletes. Diabetics and individuals with pre-existing cardiovascular, metabolic, hepatorenal, and neurologic disease who are taking medications that may be affected by high glycemic load foods, caffeine, and/or other stimulants should avoid use of ED and/or ES unless approved by their physician.Īccording to published research, energy drinks (ED) are the most popular dietary supplement besides multivitamins in the American adolescent and young adult population. Indiscriminant use of ED or ES, especially if more than one serving per day is consumed, may lead to adverse events and harmful side effects. Children and adolescents should only consider use of ED or ES with parental approval after consideration of the amount of carbohydrate, caffeine, and other nutrients contained in the ED or ES and a thorough understanding of the potential side effects. Athletes should consider the impact of ingesting high glycemic load carbohydrates on metabolic health, blood glucose and insulin levels, as well as the effects of caffeine and other stimulants on motor skill performance. However, ingestion of higher calorie ED may promote weight gain if the energy intake from consumption of ED is not carefully considered as part of the total daily energy intake. There is some limited evidence that consumption of low-calorie ED during training and/or weight loss trials may provide ergogenic benefit and/or promote a small amount of additional fat loss. Many ED and ES contain numerous ingredients these products in particular merit further study to demonstrate their safety and potential effects on physical and mental performance. Consuming ED 10-60 minutes before exercise can improve mental focus, alertness, anaerobic performance, and/or endurance performance. The ergogenic value of caffeine on mental and physical performance has been well-established but the potential additive benefits of other nutrients contained in ED and ES remains to be determined. ![]() Although ED and ES contain a number of nutrients that are purported to affect mental and/or physical performance, the primary ergogenic nutrients in most ED and ES appear to be carbohydrate and/or caffeine. Position Statement: The International Society of Sports Nutrition (ISSN) bases the following position stand on a critical analysis of the literature on the safety and efficacy of the use of energy drinks (ED) or energy shots (ES).
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